Reimbursed Care Access in Benin

Currently classified as a strictly controlled psychotropic substance under Beninese law and administered through the national drug-control framework; there is no authorized medical access or reimbursement for psilocybin outside of authorized scientific research. Benin’s national drug-control statute (Act No. 97-025 of 18 July 1997) and subsequent penal provisions incorporate lists of controlled psychotropic substances consistent with the UN psychotropics conventions, and the national penal code criminalizes unauthorized possession, importation and trafficking of such substances. # #.

Currently classified as a strictly controlled substance under national drug-scheduling laws, with no authorized medical use outside of approved clinical research. Benin’s national legislation implements controls consistent with the 1971 UN Psychotropics Convention and penal provisions criminalize unauthorized possession, trafficking and importation. # #.

Esketamine (Spravato) has no publicly announced national marketing approval or reimbursement framework in Benin and is not known to be registered as an approved marketed psychiatric medication in the country; therefore there is no public insurance reimbursement pathway for esketamine-based treatment. National law allows for the authorized medical use of controlled substances within regulated supply chains and medical settings, but Benin’s publicly available drug-control statutes and penal provisions emphasize prohibition of unauthorized circulation and require specific authorizations for medical import/use. Clinicians or institutions wishing to use novel or imported psychiatric medicines would typically need approvals from the Ministry of Health and comply with import/authorization rules; there is no evidence of an esketamine-specific approval or a national reimbursement program. # #.

Ketamine is regulated under Benin’s controlled-substance framework but is used as a medical anesthetic and analgesic in clinical settings under authorization of health authorities; there is no established, formal reimbursement pathway for ketamine when used for psychedelic-assisted psychiatric indications. Benin’s Act No. 97-025 (and associated implementing rules reflected in the penal code) implement controls consistent with international conventions while preserving the ability to permit medical/authorized uses of controlled substances through the national health system and licensing channels. In practice, ketamine is a standard anesthetic listed on international essential medicines lists and is widely used in hospitals for anesthesia and emergency care; Beninese hospitals and clinicians can lawfully procure and use ketamine for medically authorized purposes subject to licensing and supply controls. However, ketamine use specifically for psychiatric indications (e.g., off-label antidepressant infusions) is not established as a reimbursed or regulated mental-health treatment pathway in Benin—there is no public guidance or reimbursement schedule publicly available establishing ketamine-assisted psychotherapy as covered care. Regulatory oversight and approvals would be handled by the Ministry of Health and national licensing authorities, and unauthorized distribution or non-medical use is criminalized. # #.

Currently classified as a strictly controlled substance under national drug scheduling laws, with no authorized medical use outside of approved clinical research. Benin’s drug-control legislation and penal code implement controls consistent with UN psychotropics listings, and unauthorized possession, import or trafficking of DMT is criminalized. # #.

Currently classified as a strictly controlled substance under Benin’s drug-control laws, with no authorized medical use outside of approved clinical research. The national statute and penal provisions criminalize unauthorized possession, distribution and trafficking of psychotropic tryptamines; no regulatory pathway or reimbursement for clinical 5‑MeO‑DMT therapy exists in Benin. # #.

Currently classified as a strictly controlled substance under national drug scheduling laws, with no authorized medical use outside of approved clinical research. Beninese legislation does not provide for licensed, reimbursed ibogaine therapies; unauthorized possession or trafficking is criminalized. # #.

Plant materials and preparations that contain controlled tryptamines (notably DMT) are regulated under Beninese law; where the active alkaloid is a controlled psychotropic, the preparation is treated under the same prohibitionist framework. Consequently, ayahuasca preparations containing DMT are not authorized for medical use or reimbursement outside formally approved research, and unauthorized possession or distribution is criminalized. # #.

Currently classified as a strictly controlled substance under national drug scheduling laws (mescaline is listed in psychotropics annexes in Benin’s implementing texts aligned with the 1971 Convention), with no authorized medical use or reimbursement outside of authorized clinical research. Unauthorized possession, manufacture or trafficking is criminalized. # #.

Currently classified as a strictly controlled substance group (phenethylamine/2C-series analogues are covered by psychotropic substance controls) with no authorized medical use in Benin outside approved research. The national drug-control framework and penal provisions criminalize unauthorized possession, manufacture and trafficking of synthetic phenethylamines. # #.