National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom

The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) is the UK’s largest funder of clinical, public health, social care, and translational research, funded by the Department of Health and Social Care with an annual budget of approximately £1.5 billion. NIHR co-funded the KARE trial — the UK’s largest study of ketamine-assisted therapy for alcohol use disorder — and supported the GluEsk trial investigating glutamate biomarkers and esketamine response in treatment-resistant depression.