Ethiopia

Reimbursed Care Access

Ethiopia follows international narcotics and psychotropic control conventions and maintains strict criminal penalties for unauthorized possession, manufacture, or trafficking of narcotic and psychotropic substances; a limited set of conventional medicines (including ketamine as an anesthetic) are used within formal healthcare but novel psychedelic medicines (psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, ibogaine, etc.) have no established, approved medical programs or reimbursed pathways. Regulatory control and medicine registration/authorization sit with the national medicines regulator (EFDA/EFMHACA successor bodies) under national proclamations that implement UN drug conventions, and unauthorized use or trafficking is criminalized under the Criminal Code. [https://www.efda.gov.et/|EFDA - Ethiopia] [https://sherloc.unodc.org/cld/en/legislation/eth/the_criminal_code_of_the_federal_democratic_republic_of_ethiopia_2004/part_ii_/article_525/article_525.html|Criminal Code Art.525] [https://wipolex-res.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/et/et011en.html|Drug Administration & Control Proclamation No.176/1999]